What type of vertebrae have openings in their transverse processes that guide the vertebral arteries up toward the brain?

The transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae are sharply curved (U-shaped) to allow for passage of the cervical spinal nerves. Each transverse process also has an opening called the transverse foramen.

Accordingly, which spinal curvature develops as an infant begins to hold up his or her head?

Secondary curves are concave posteriorly, opposite in direction to the original fetal curvature. The cervical curve of the neck region develops as the infant begins to hold their head upright when sitting. Later, as the child begins to stand and then to walk, the lumbar curve of the lower back develops.

Likewise, what are the two primary curvatures seen in the vertebral column of a fetus? The vertebral column is curved, with two primary curvatures (thoracic and sacrococcygeal curves) and two secondary curvatures (cervical and lumbar curves).

Hereof, what step occurs first in the embryonic development of most bones?

Appositional growth occurs. A bony collar forms. The medullary cavity is formed.

What type of joint is found between the atlas and the dens of the axis?

pivot joint

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What two processes of a typical vertebrae prevents excessive twisting?

They prevent excessive movement of the vertebral bones. The ligamentum flavum attaches between the lamina of each vertebra. Figure 7. The ligamentum flavum, anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL), and posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) allow the flexion and extension of the spine while keeping the bones aligned.

What is primary curve?

In the womb and for a period of time following birth, a baby's spine is shaped like the letter C. This curve is termed a primary curve, which is Kyphotic. During the time the baby is learning to lift his head and eventually walk, muscles develop.

What event causes the cervical curve to begin?

The primary curves (thoracic and sacral curvatures) form during fetal development. The secondary curves develop after birth. The cervical curvature forms as a result of lifting the head and the lumbar curvature forms as a result of walking.

Why do vertebrae increase in size?

The body is the anterior portion of each vertebra and is the part that supports the body weight. Because of this, the vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness going down the vertebral column. The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are separated and strongly united by an intervertebral disc.

What is an abnormal exaggeration of the lumbar spinal curve called?

Lordosis. Also called swayback, the spine of a person with lordosis curves significantly inward at the lower back. Kyphosis. Kyphosis is characterized by an abnormally rounded upper back (more than 50 degrees of curvature).

What are 4 major curves of the vertebrae?

The vertebral column has four curvatures, the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacrococcygeal curves. The thoracic and sacrococcygeal curves are primary curves retained from the original fetal curvature.

What are the 5 regions of the vertebral column?

Regional Vertebral Characteristics. The vertebrae of the spinal column are divided into five regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx.

What is the structural unit of compact bone?

The structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or sometimes referred to as a Haversian system. Compact bone is made up of many osteons

What is Appositional growth?

Appositional growth is the increase in the diameter of bones by the addition of bony tissue at the surface of bones. Osteoblasts at the bone surface secrete bone matrix, and osteoclasts on the inner surface break down bone.

What is the process of ossification?

Ossification (or osteogenesis) in bone remodeling is the process of laying down new bone material by cells called osteoblasts. Heterotopic ossification is a process resulting in the formation of bone tissue that is often atypical, at an extraskeletal location.

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of skull bones in the embryo?

FINAL

Question	Answer
WHAT KIND OF TISSUE IS THE FORERUNNER OF LONG BONES IN THE EMBRYO?	HYALINE CARTILAGE (D0
WHAT CAN A DIFICIENCY OF GROWTH HORMONE DURING BONE FORMATION CAUSE?	DECREASED PROLIFERATION OF THE EPIPHYSEAL PLATE CARTILEDGE (C)
A FRACTURE IN THE SHAFT OF THE BONE WOULD BE A BREAK IN THE?	DIAPHYSIS (C)

What are bone trabeculae?

Trabeculae are the thin columns and plates of bone that create a spongy structure in a cancellous bone, which is located at the ends of long bones and in the pelvis, ribs, skull, and vertebrae.

What is responsible for the flexibility of bone?

Collagen is a protein that provides a soft framework, and calcium phosphate is a mineral that adds strength and hardens the framework. This combination of collagen and calcium makes bone strong and flexible enough to withstand stress. More than 99 percent of the body's calcium is contained in the bones and teeth.

What process are most bones of the body formed by?

REVIEW OF SKELETAL TERMS AND PHYSIOLOGY

A	B
By what process are most bones in the body formed?	Endochondral ossification
Bones formed in the skull are predominantly formed by what form of ossification?	Intramembranous
Where does endochondral ossification begin in a long bone?	Middle of the diaphysis.

What term refers to the end of a long bone?

Parts of a Long Bone: Epiphysis. This term refers to the end of a long bone.

What are the three processes by which bones develop?

The formation of bone during the fetal stage of development occurs by two processes: intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification. Secondary ossification occurs after birth and forms the epiphyses of long bones and the extremities of irregular and flat bones.

How many bones are in the human body?

The human skeleton is the internal framework of the human body. It is composed of around 270 bones at birth – this total decreases to around 206 bones by adulthood after some bones get fused together. The bone mass in the skeleton reaches maximum density around age 21.