What is a smooth bore nozzle?

Often referred to as “the staple of American fire service,” smooth bore nozzles produce the greatest reach/gpm combination compared to other nozzle types. Smooth bore nozzles are often referred to as solid bore nozzles because they produce a solid stream to provide maximum reach and penetration to the seat of the fire.

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Regarding this, what do you pump a smooth bore nozzle at?

The operating pressure of the smooth bore is a range from 40 to 60 pounds per square inch (psi), with 50 psi as optimal.

Likewise, what is considered a master stream? A master stream is basically defined as a heavy-caliber stream delivered through a master stream water delivery appliance. A master stream is used when flows surpass 350 gallons per minutes (gpm), becoming too difficult to be delivered from a handline operation because of nozzle reaction.

Similarly one may ask, what is an advantage of a smooth bore nozzle?

Compared to fog nozzle streams, smooth-bore nozzle streams. absorb less heat. For which preconnected hose load does the fire fighter shoulder part of the load, with hose paying off the top of that load as the fire fighter advances.

What is an automatic fog nozzle?

With an automatic nozzle, the discharge orifice continually adjusts depending on the flow to the nozzle. This sets the flow being supplied to the proper nozzle pressure and correct velocity for maximum extinguishing capability.

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What are the two types of fire nozzles?

Fire Hose Nozzles

Adjustable Combo Nozzles.
Brass Combo Fire Hose Nozzles.
Brass Straight Stream Nozzles.
Dual Gallonage Nozzles.
Forester Fog Fire Hose Nozzles.
Selectable Gallonage Nozzles.
Spray Foam Nozzles.
Misc. Nozzles.

How do fog nozzles work?

A fog nozzle is a firefighting hose spray nozzle that breaks its stream into small droplets.

What is nozzle reaction?

Nozzle reaction is the force exerted by a fire nozzle on a firefighter. Nozzle reactions can limit a firefighter's water application rate and increase his or her air consumption rate. Firefighters may incorrectly assume a high nozzle reaction implies a high water application rate.

Why do firefighters experience a backward force?

The explanation for the backward force on the firefighters given in our previous work [1] is that the force is produced in a bend behind the firefighters and it is transmitted by the hose, producing a force that is interpreted by firefighters as being produced at the nozzle.

What is a combination nozzle?

Combination Fire Nozzle Types

The automatic, or constant pressure, nozzle is designed to maintain a relatively constant pressure over a wide range of flows. The multi-purpose nozzle is a combination solid bore and fog nozzle, providing maximum reach and heat absorption.

How many types of fire nozzles are there?

Pressure and gallonage settings aid in the categorization of fire hose spray nozzles. NFPA 1964 divides nozzles into four major types according to whether that nozzle has variable settings for pattern, pressure, or gallonage.

How many GPM is 60 psi?

For water conservation purposes, the Federal Energy Policy Act of 1992 requires that all lavatory (bathroom) faucets sold in the U.S. have a flow rate of no more than 2.2 GPM at a water pressure of 60 psi (pounds per square inch). According to the same law, showerheads may have a maximum flow rate of 2.5 GPM.

What is the nozzle pressure for a master stream with a fog nozzle?

DESIGNED NOZZLE PRESSURES Smooth Bore Nozzle - Handline - 50 PSI Smooth Bore Nozzle - Master Stream - 80 PSI Fog Nozzle (all types) - 100 PSI 5 Page 4 Current conventional nozzles ("conventional" refers to a nozzle with a fixed size opening or manually adjustable opening) come in two basic types: 1.

How do I calculate GPM?

The formula to find GPM is 60 divided by the seconds it takes to fill a one gallon container (60 / seconds = GPM). Example: The one gallon container fills in 5 seconds. 60 / 5 = 12 GPM. (60 divided by 5 equals 12 gallons per minute.)

What is nozzle pressure?

A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow (especially to increase velocity) as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe. In a nozzle, the velocity of fluid increases at the expense of its pressure energy.

How do you calculate pump discharge pressure?

And then, you can calculate the discharge pressure by putting; Discharge pressure = Head * density of the fluid. Discharge pressure is in kg/cm². (By conversion from m to cm.)

What psi do you test fire hose?

200 psi

What is hard suction hose most commonly used for?

A hose with a hard suction is designed to avoid collapse under pressured conditions so it can be used for drafting water from below the pump such as marine locations. The soft suction fire hose is designed to carry water between two points, such as hydrant to engine or engine to engine.

What is a fire nozzle?

Fire-Hose Nozzle. in fire fighting, a device for generating and directing a stream of water, foam, powder, or other fire-extinguishing substance. The simplest type of nozzle is a tube with a terminal attachment that adjusts the stream.

What should be used to clean dirty fire hose?

Use a cleaning solution of warm water and mild detergent. Using a long brush with soft or medium bristles, scrub the hose. Thoroughly flush all the detergent from the hose jacket on both sides.

What is high expansion foam particularly used for?

High-expansion foams are used when an enclosed space, such as a basement or hangar, must be quickly filled. Low-expansion foams are used on burning spills. AFFF is best for spills of jet fuels, FFFP is better for cases where the burning fuel can form deeper pools, and AR-AFFF is suitable for burning alcohols.

Which is a feature of transverse beds?

When the bed form crest is perpendicular (transverse) to the main flow direction, the bed forms are called transverse bed forms, such as ripples, dunes and anti-dunes.