What does antineoplastic chemotherapy mean?

Antineoplastic: Acting to prevent, inhibit or halt the development of a neoplasm (a tumor). For example, oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) is an antineoplastic used in the treatment of metastatic colon cancer. The term is applicable to dozens of other chemotherapy agents used to treat this an other forms of cancer.

Similarly, you may ask, what is antineoplastic chemotherapy?

Antineoplastic drugs are medications used to treat cancer. Antineoplastic drugs are also called anticancer, chemotherapy, chemo, cytotoxic, or hazardous drugs. These drugs come in many forms. Some are liquids that are injected into the patient and some are pills that patients take.

Similarly, what can antineoplastic drugs cause? ANTINEOPLASTIC AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT DRUGS They also cause nausea and vomiting and increase the risk of infection, including meningitis with such opportunists as Cryptococcus and Listeria. Some, such as ifosfamide and methotrexate, are directly toxic to the brain.

In this way, what are some antineoplastic drugs?

Contents

Cytotoxic antineoplastics.
1.01 Nucleoside analogues. Azacitidine. SC, IV.
1.02 Antifolates. Methotrexate. SC, IM, IV, IT, PO.
1.03 Other antimetabolites. Hydroxycarbamide. PO.
1.04 Topoisomerase I inhibitor. Irinotecan. IV.
1.05 Anthracyclines. Daunorubicin. IV.
1.06 Podophyllotoxins. Etoposide. IV, PO.
1.07 Taxanes. Cabazitaxel.

Are there different levels of chemotherapy?

Chemotherapy Drugs. There are more than 100 different chemotherapy drugs. Below are the seven main types of chemotherapy, the types of cancer they treat, and examples. The caution includes things that differ from typical chemotherapy side effects.

39 Related Question Answers Found

Why are antineoplastic agents toxic?

Almost all antineoplastic agents have some degree of hepatotoxicity, and the liver injury is usually due to direct, intinsic toxicity. The typical manifestation is an elevation in liver enzymes or bilirubin during therapy that reverses rapidly with stopping treatment or dose modification.

What is mucositis in cancer?

Oral mucositis refers to erythematous and ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa observed in patients with cancer being treated with chemotherapy, and/or with radiation therapy to fields involving the oral cavity. Thus, mucositis is a highly significant and sometimes dose-limiting complication of cancer therapy ¹^, ².

What do alkylating agents do?

Alkylating agents are compounds that work by adding an alkyl group to the guanine base of the DNA molecule, preventing the strands of the double helix from linking as they should. This causes breakage of the DNA strands, affecting the ability of the cancer cell to multiply.

What is considered a hazardous drug?

In pharmacology, hazardous drugs are drugs that are known to cause harm, which may or may not include genotoxicity (the ability to cause a change or mutation in genetic material). These drugs can be classified as antineoplastics, cytotoxic agents, biologic agents, antiviral agents and immunosuppressive agents.

What are the side effects of antineoplastic drugs?

Typical antineoplastic side effects, in addition to the hair and weight loss mentioned before include:

Increased risk of catching infectious diseases like colds or the flu.
Fatigue.
Nausea, vomiting, and other digestive problems.
Localized and whole body pain.
Both male and female fertility problems.

What is non antineoplastic?

Antineoplastic drugs, including anastrozole, bendamustine, and gemcitabine. Non-antineoplastic drugs that meet 1 or more NIOSH criteria for hazardous drug. These include abacavir, carbamazepine, divalproex, estradiol, and spironolactone.

Are all antineoplastic drugs hazardous?

Antineoplastic drugs, also known as chemotherapy, cytotoxic and oncology drugs, are used to treat cancer, as well as arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and other non-cancer medical conditions. Most antineoplastic drugs are classified by NIOSH as hazardous drugs.

What is Ischemotherapy?

Chemotherapy is an aggressive form of chemical drug therapy meant to destroy rapidly growing cells in the body. It's usually used to treat cancer, as cancer cells grow and divide faster than other cells. Chemotherapy is often used in combination with other therapies, such as surgery, radiation, or hormone therapy.

What are anticancer agents?

Anticancer drug, also called antineoplastic drug, any drug that is effective in the treatment of malignant, or cancerous, disease. There are several major classes of anticancer drugs; these include alkylating agents, antimetabolites, natural products, and hormones.

How do you administer antineoplastic drugs?

Intravenous antineoplastic drugs may be administered through a central venous access device (CVAD) or peripheral cannula. Administration may be via bolus injection, intermittent infusion or continuous infusion as determined by the treatment protocol.

Is Methotrexate an antineoplastic drug?

MTX, Amethopterin, and Methotrexate Sodium are other names for Methotrexate. Drug type: Methotrexate is an anti-cancer ("antineoplastic" or "cytotoxic") chemotherapy drug. This medication is classified as an "antimetabolite." (For more detail, see "How this drug works" section below).

When a drug is contraindicated it is?

A contraindication is a specific situation in which a drug, procedure, or surgery should not be used because it may be harmful to the person. Relative contraindication means that caution should be used when two drugs or procedures are used together.

What does cytotoxic drug mean?

Cytotoxic drugs or cytostatics (also cytotoxic chemotherapy) are drugs used to destroy cancer cells. Cytotoxic drugs inhibit cell division and in this way cause cancer cells to die. Cytotoxic drugs affect all dividing cells, including those of healthy tissue.

What is immunotherapy treatment for cancer?

Immunotherapy, also called biologic therapy, is a type of cancer treatment that boosts the body's natural defenses to fight cancer. It uses substances made by the body or in a laboratory to improve or restore immune system function.

What are antimetabolites used for?

Antimetabolites are drugs that interfere with one or more enzymes or their reactions that are necessary for DNA synthesis. They affect DNA synthesis by acting as a substitute to the actual metabolites that would be used in the normal metabolism (for example antifolates interfere with the use of folic acid).

Are all cytotoxic Antineoplastics?

Cytotoxic drugs inhibit or prevent the function of cells. Cytotoxic drugs are primarily used to treat cancer, frequently as part of a chemotherapy regime. The most common forms of cytotoxic drugs are known as antineoplastic. The terms 'antineoplastic' and 'cytotoxic' are often used interchangeably.

What side effects are most often associated with antineoplastic chemotherapy?

Here are some of the more common side effects caused by chemotherapy:

Fatigue.
Hair loss.
Easy bruising and bleeding.
Infection.
Anemia (low red blood cell counts)
Nausea and vomiting.
Appetite changes.
Constipation.